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(1997) Systems for sustainability, Dordrecht, Springer.
By systemic (Bunge, 1983; 1983a; 1985; 1985a) is meant that the parts and the entire structure must be viewed in context. In systemic thinking, the main question is: What is the pattern which combine a given phenomenon or problem? The noticeable thing about patterns is that it is difficult to pinpoint cause and effect. A pattern can metaphorically be regarded as a circle, and a circle has no beginning or end.
Publication details
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0265-8_41
Full citation:
Johannessen, J. (1997)., Autopoiesis, in F. A. Stowell, R. Ison, R. Armson, J. Holloway & S. Jackson (eds.), Systems for sustainability, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 239-243.
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